How to create your Google AdSense account Step by step

How to create your Google AdSense account

To create your AdSense account, follow these steps:

1. Visit https://www.google.com/adsense/start.
2. Click Sign up now.
3. Enter the URL of the site that you want to show ads on. Learn more about how to enter your Bog website or YouTube URL.

              like

                https://tlopk.blogspot.com/?m=1

 

1. Enter your email address.
2. Choose whether you'd like AdSense to send you customized help and performance suggestions.

We recommend that you choose Yes so we can help you get more out of AdSense. You can change your contact settings later.

3. Click Save and continue.
4. Sign in to your Google Account.
5. Select your country or territory.
6. Review and accept the AdSense Terms and Conditions.
7. Click Create account.

You're now signed in to your new AdSense account.

What to do next

You might notice that some of the options in your new AdSense account are grayed out. That's because there are a few tasks that you need to complete before we can fully activate your account. Learn how to activate your AdSense account.

Creating an AdSense account

How to enter the URL of your site when you create an AdSense account

When you sign up for AdSense we ask you to tell us the URL of your site. To successfully create your AdSense account, the URL that you provide:

• must be a site that you own
• must not have a path (e.g., example.com/path) or subdomain (https://tlopk.blogspot.com/?m=1)must not contain any parameters (//tlopk.blogspot.com/?m=1

For example, let's say you're the owner of example.com. On the AdSense sign-up page, you'd enter example.com in the "URL of your site" field.

Blogger and YouTube URLs

If you enter the URL of your Blogger blog (e.g., example.blogspot.com) or YouTube channel (e.g., youtube.com/channel/example) when you sign up, we'll direct you to continue in your Blogger or YouTube account. These products follow a different account creation process. For more information, see Advertise on your Blogger blog or Set up an AdSense account for payments.

 

Note: The number of accounts that can use the same domain to sign up for AdSense is limited. If there are already ads from a different AdSense account being served on your sign-up domain, you'll need to use a different domain to sign up for your new AdSense account.

How to share a joint AdSense account

You can share your account with other people, such as business partners, employees, friends and family, and give them either of two levels of access. Users with access to your account can help you run your account and manage other users, depending on the level of access you want to give them. You can also remove access at any time.

However, AdSense accounts aren't permitted to have multiple payee names. Currently, the payee name on an AdSense account must be either an individual or a company name, and all account earnings will be paid to that name.

Publishers are allowed to place ad code from more than one AdSense account on a page that complies with our program policies. Alternatively, publishers may choose to rotate ad codes from more than one publisher across a website.

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Globalization And Types of globalization

 

Globalization

Globalization is the process by which ideas, goods and services spread throughout the world.

Globalization is the process by which ideas, goods and services spread throughout the world. In business, the term is often used in an economic context to describe an integrated economy marked by free trade, the free flow of capital and corporate use of foreign labor markets to maximize returns and benefit the common good.

How globalization works

Globalization is driven by the convergence of political, cultural and economic systems that ultimately promote -- and often necessitate -- increased interaction, integration and dependency amongst nations.

The more that disparate regions of the world become intertwined politically, culturally and economically, the more globalized the world becomes. flow of knowledge

These international interactions and dependencies are enabled and accelerated by advances in technology, especially in transportation and telecommunications. In general, money, technology, materials and even people flow more swiftly across national boundaries today than they ever have in the past. The , ideas and cultures is expediated through internet communications.

Types of globalization: Economic, political, cultural 

There are three types of globalization: 

1.     Economic globalization. This type focuses on the unification and integration of international financial markets, as well as multinational corporations that have a significant influence on international markets.

2.     Political globalization. This type deals mainly with policies designed to facilitate international trade and commerce. It also deals with the institutions that implement these policies, which can include national governments as well as international institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization.

3.     Cultural globalization. This type focuses on the social factors that cause cultures to converge -- such as increased ease of communication and transportation, brought about by technology.

It's important to note that all the types influence each other. For example, economic globalization is made possible by certain liberal trade policies that fall under the category of political globalization. Cultural globalization is also affected by policies passed in political globalization and is affected by economic globalization via the imports and exposure a culture has to other cultures through trade.

The unifying thread between the three types of globalization is the advancement of technology. As mentioned previously, technology plays a role in expediting each type.

 

Effects of globalization

The effects of each type of globalization can be felt both locally and globally, and can be observed in interactions at every level of society, from an individual at the micro level to a society at the macro level.

·        The individual level includes the way international influence affects ordinary people within a nation or region

·        The community level includes effects to local or regional organizations, businesses and economies.

·        The institutional level includes effects to multinational corporations, national governments and higher education institutions that have international students. At this level, decisions are made that affect the lower levels.

 While the effects of globalization can be clearly observed, analyzing the net impact of globalization is a complex proposition, as specific results of globalization are often seen as positive by proponents and negative by critics. Many times, a relationship that benefits one entity may end up damaging another, and whether globalization benefits the world at large remains a point of contention. 

Examples of globalization

One relevant example of globalization is the existence of multinational corporations. The term multinational corporation simply refers to a business that conducts operations in more than one country. McDonalds, for instance, is a multinational fast-food corporation with 37,855 restaurants spread over 120 countries and territories as of 2018. With 1.7 million employees, it is the second-largest private employer in the world behind Walmart.

Other examples of multinational corporations include the following:

·        Ford Motor Company, an organization that works with about 1,200 suppliers it identifies as tier 1 around the globe; and

·        Amazon, an organization that uses tens of thousands of suppliers and employs more than 250,000 full-time workers in 175 distribution centers around the world.

Through their expansive presence and influence on social and economic development in the countries that host them, multinational corporations like McDonalds, Amazon and Ford are symbolic of the contradictions of globalization. On the one hand, the multinational corporations can bring jobs, skills and wealth to the region they are in by investing in the local people and resources.

On the other hand, multinational corporations can destroy local businesses, exploit cheap labour in developing countries and threaten cultural diversity. While they do offer benefits to the regions they operate in, they are often unsustainable because the loyalty of the corporation ultimately is to its bottom line and not the culture it has integrated itself into.

Advantages of globalization

Proponents of globalization argue that it can solve fundamental problems with the global economy, such as poverty and unemployment, by promoting a free market that benefits rich and poor nations alike.

Free trade aims to reduce the amount of trade barriers between nations. A trade barrier is any imposed restriction on international trade, including tariffs and subsidies. This consequently promotes economic growth, creates jobs, makes companies more competitive and lowers prices for consumers.

It also theoretically gives poorer countries an opportunity for economic development through exposure to foreign capital and tech, resulting in conditions that foster an improved standard of living for the citizens of that nation.

Disadvantages of globalization

The biggest advantages of globalization are also its biggest disadvantages. While many proponents view globalization as an avenue for solving core economic problems, critics see it as worsening global inequality.

For instance, while some proponents say globalization creates new markets and wealth -- and promotes greater cultural and social integration by eliminating barriers -- critics blame the elimination of barriers for undermining national policies and cultures and destabilizing advanced labor markets in favor of lower-cost wages elsewhere.

Similarly, some proponents point to the rising economies of poor countries benefiting from companies moving operations there to minimize costs. Meanwhile, some critics say such moves could lower living standards in developed countries by eliminating jobs.

While proponents focus on the increased trade benefits and political cooperation that come from a united global economy, critics acknowledge that tightly integrated global economic markets carry greater potential for global recessions.

Advocates of cultural globalization point to improved acknowledgement of human rights on a global scale and shared understanding of our impact on the environment, while critics decry the decimation of unique cultural identity and language, especially in the age of social media.

Advocates view the increased ability to travel and experience new cultures as a selling point of cultural globalization. However, critics point out that increased travel has the potential to increase the risk of pandemics, with the H1N1 (swine flu) outbreak of 2009 and the coronavirus of 2020 serving as two examples of serious diseases that spread to multiple nations very quickly.

History of globalization

Although many consider this process a relatively new phenomenon, globalization has been happening for millennia.

The Roman Empire, for example, spread its economic and governing systems through significant portions of the ancient world for centuries.

Similarly, the trade routes of the Silk Road carried merchants, goods and travelers from China through Central Asia and the Middle East to Europe and represented another wave of globalization.

European countries had significant investments overseas in the decades prior to World War I, prompting some economists to label the prewar period as an earlier golden age of globalization.

The term globalization as it's used today came to prominence in the 1980s, reflecting several technological advancements that expediated international transactions.

Globalization has ebbed and flowed throughout history, with periods of expansion, as well as retrenchment. The 21st century has witnessed both. Global stock markets plummeted after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the United States, but rebounded in subsequent years.

Overall, however, the early 21st century has seen a dramatic increase in the pace of global integration, driven primarily by rapid advances in technology and telecommunications.

Future of globalization

Technology advances, particularly block chain, mobile communication and banking are fuelling economic globalization.

Nonetheless, the rapid pace of globalization in the early 21st century could be slowed or even reversed by potentially rising levels of protectionism and anti-globalization sentiment happening in several countries.

Aside from nationalism and the growing trend of increasingly conservative economic policy, global trade is under rising threat from climate change, decaying infrastructure, cyberattacks and human rights abuses, all requiring responses from both corporations and governments, according to the Council on Foreign Relations.

(tahirpashton@gmail.com)

 

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Difference between approach, method, procedure, and technique

 

Approach

An approach refers to the general assumptions about what language is and about how learning a language occurs (Richards and Rodgers, 1986). It represents the sum of our philosophy about both the theory of language and the theory of learning. In other words, an approach to language teaching describes:

1.     The nature of language,

2.     How knowledge of a language is acquired,

3.     And the conditions that promote language acquisition.

Method

A method is a practical implementation of an approach. A theory is put into practice at the level a method. It includes decisions about:

§  The particular skills to be taught,

§  The roles of the teacher and the learner in language teaching and learning,

§  The appropriate procedures and techniques,

§  The content to be taught,

§  And the order in which the content will be presented.

It also involves a specific syllabus organization, choices of the materials that will boost learning, and the means to assess learners and evaluate teaching and learning. It is a sort of an organizing plan that relies on the philosophical premises of an approach.

Procedures

Jeremy Harmer (2001) describes ‘procedures’ as “an ordered set of techniques.” They are the step-by-step measures to execute a method. A common procedure in the grammar-translation method, for example, is to start by explaining the grammar rules and exemplifying these rules through sentences that the students then had to translate into their mother tongue. According to Harmer, a procedure is “smaller than a method and larger than a technique.”

Technique

Implementing a procedure necessitates certain practices and behaviors that operate in teaching a language according to a particular method. These practices and behaviors are the techniques that every procedure relies on. Techniques, in this sense, are part and parcel of procedures. They are the actual moment-to-moment classroom steps that lead to a specified outcome. Every procedure is realized through a series of techniques. They could take the form of an exercise or just any activity that you have to do to complete a task. For instance, when using videos, teachers often use a technique called “silent viewing” which consists of playing the video without sound and asking students to figure out what the characters were saying.

Methodological organization of teaching practices

Methodology informs teachers about different ways to organize teaching practices. Harmer (2001), for example, suggests that there are four levels of organization at the level of methodology, namely, approach, method, procedure, and techniques. The following description is inspired by this framework. Many elements of this framework are also discussed by Anthony (1963) and Richards and Rodgers (1986).

Before, describing our framework of the organization of teaching practices, let’s first review briefly Anthony’s and Richards & Rodgers’ models.

The following table shows how approach, method, procedure, and technique have been viewed by Anthony (1963) and Richards & Rodgers (1986):

Antony’s model	Approach		Theory of language Theory of language
	Method		An overall plan for the orderly presentation of language material, no part of which contradicts, and all of which is based upon, the selected approach
	Technique		The actual implementation in the language classroom
Richards and Rodgers model	Method	Approach	Theory of language Theory of language
		Design	Objectives Syllabus type Activity types Learner Roles Teacher Roles Role of materials
		Procedure	Techniques Practices Behaviors

For the sake of the simplification of the above models, approach, method, procedure, and technique are viewed in the following description as flowing in a hierarchical model. First, an approach, which provides theoretical assumptions about language and learning, informs methods. Each method shouldn’t contradict the approach on which it is based. Similarly, procedures are ordered sequences of techniques that have to be aligned with the theoretical assumption a method aspires to put into practice.

 

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Defference Between Inductive, Deductive and Abductive methods of Teaching

 

Meaning:

 

     The inductive method of teaching means that the teacher presents the rule through situations and sentences and does guided practice, then the learners do free practice. After that, the teacher deduces or elicits the rule form from the learners themselves by themselves.

 

    An inductive approach to teaching language starts with examples and asks learners to find rules. It can be compared with a deductive approach that starts by giving learners rules, then examples, then practice.

 

Example
Learners listen to a conversation that includes examples of the use of the third conditional. The teacher checks that the students understand the meaning of its use through checking learners' comprehension of the listening text, and only after this focuses on the form, using the examples from the text to elicit rules about the form, its use and its pronunciation.

 

In the classroom
Inductive approaches to presenting new language are commonly found in course books, and form part of a general strategy to engage learners in what they learn. Some learners may need introduction to inductive approaches since they may be more familiar, and feel more comfortable, with a deductive approach. The deductive method of teaching means that the teacher presents the rule, gives a model, then the learners do free practice and answer exercises.

                         

 Definitions:

 

Induction:

       From The Oxford English Dictionary (OED); to induce (in relation to science and logic) means “to derive by reasoning, to lead to something as a conclusion, or inference, to suggest or imply,” and induction “as the process of inferring a general law or principle from observation of particular instances.” 

 

Abduction:

    Another version is the “adducing (pulling together) of a number of separate facts, particulars, etc. especially for the purpose of proving a general statement.”

 

Deduction:

     The OED definition of to deduce is “to show or hold a thing to be derived from etc…” or “to draw as a conclusion from something known or assumed, to infer”;

    Deduction thus, is “inference by reasoning from generals to particulars,” or “the process of deducing from something known or assumed…”

 

Differences:

Induction and deduction are pervasive elements in critical thinking. They are also some what misunderstood terms. Arguments based on experience or observation are best expressed inductively, while arguments based on laws or rules are best expressed deductively. Most arguments are mainly inductive. In fact, inductive reasoning usually comes much more naturally to us than deductive reasoning.

    Inductive reasoning moves from specific details and observations to the lore general underlying principles or processes that explain them(e.g., newton’s law of Gravity). The premises of an inductive argument  are believed to support the conclusion, but don't ensure it. Thus, the conclusion of an induction is regarded as a hypothesis. In the inductive method, also called the scientific method, observation of nature is the authority.

     In contrast, deductive reasoning typically moves general treuths to specific conclusion. It opens with an expansive explanation and continues with predication for specific observations supporting it.Deductive reasoning is narrow in nature and is concerned with testing or confirming a hypothesis.

     Deductive reasoning leads to a confirmation(or not) of our original theories. It guarantees the correctness of a conclusion. Logic is the authority in the deductive method.

 

Comparison:

 

Deductive reasoning:

        Deductive reasoning works from the "general" to the "specific". This is also called a "top-down" approach. The deductive reasoning works as follows: think of a theory about topic and then narrow it down to specific hypothesis (hypothesis that we test or can test). Narrow down further if we would like to collect observations for hypothesis (note that we collect observations to accept or reject hypothesis and the reason we do that is to confirm or refute our original theory).

       In a conclusion, when we use deduction we reason from general principles to specific cases, as in applying a mathematical theorem to a particular problem or in citing a law or physics to predict the outcome of an experiment.

 

Inductive reasoning: 

       Inductive reasoning works the other way, it works from observation (or observations) works toward generalizations and theories. This is also called a “bottom-up  approach. Inductive reason starts from specific observations , look for patterns, regularities (or irregularities), formulate hypothesis that we could work with and finally ended up developing general theories or drawing conclusion.

      In a conclusion, when we use Induction we observe a number of specific instances and from them infer a general principle or law. Inductive reasoning is open-ended and exploratory especially at the beginning. On the other hand, deductive reasoning is narrow in nature and is concerned with testing or confirming hypothesis. 

Properties of Deduction

     In a valid deductive argument, all of the content of the conclusion is present, at least implicitly, in the premises. Deduction is non ampliative. If the premises are true, the conclusion must be true. Valid deduction is necessarily truth preserving.

     If new premises are added to a valid deductive argument (and none of its premises are changed or deleted) the argument remains valid. Deductive validity is an all-or-nothing matter; validity does not come in degrees. An argument is totally valid, or it is invalid. 

 

Properties of Induction:

       Induction is implicative. The conclusion of an inductive argument has content that goes beyond the content of its premises. A correct inductive argument may have true premises and a false conclusion. Induction is not necessarily truth preserving.

 

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