DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT
"Management is a distinct process consisting of planning, organizing, activating and controlling to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use of people and resources ."G.R. Terry "To manage is to forecast and plan, to command, to coorganise ordinate and to control."Henry Fayol , to "Management is simply the process of decision making and control over the action of human beings for the express purpose of attaining predetermined goals."Stanley Vance
5 FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
Koontz and O'Donnell explained five functions of management. They have become widely accepted functions of management everywhere. They are
Planning
Organizing
staffing
directing
controlling.
5 FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
PLANNING
Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to why to where do to do and do who will be responsible for doing is planning. Definition "Planning bridges the gap from where we are to where we want to go. It makes it possible for things to occur which would not otherwise happen"Koontz and O'Donnel .
Importance of Planning
Planning provides directions Planning reduces the risks of uncertainty Planning reduces overlapping and wasteful activities Planning promotes innovative ideas Planning facilitates decision making Planning establishes standards for Features of planning controlling Planning focuses on achieving objectives Planning is a primary function of management Planning is pervasive Planning is continuous Planning is futuristic Planning involves decision making Planning is a mental exercise
Planning Process Setting objectives:
Objectives may be set for the entire organization and each department or unit within the organization. Developing premises: Planning is concerned with the future which is uncertain and every planner is using conjuncture about what might happen in future. Identifying alternative courses of action: Once objectives are set, assumptions are made. Then the next step would be to act upon them. Evaluating alternative courses: each alternative. Selecting an alternative: The next step is to weigh the pros and cons of This is the real point of decision making. The best plan has to be adopted and implemented. Implement the plan: Followup action: This is concerned with putting the plan into action. Monitoring the plans are equally important to ensure that objectives are achieved.
ORGANIZING
Division of work into functions and subfunctions, grouping of activities that are closely related in their nature, assigning of duties and responsibilities to the employees and finally delegation of authority and power to each employee or the group to discharge their duties accordingly are the processes come under the function of management organizing. Definition "Organization is the process of identifying and grouping of the works to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority and establishing relationships for the purpose of enabling people to work most efficiently".Louis A. Allen
Importance of Organizing
Organizing helps Organizations to reap the benefit of specialization. Organizing provides for Optimum utilization of resources. Organizing helps in Effective administration. Organizing channels for Expansion and growth. Organizing achieves co ordination among different Organizing creates scope for new change.
Organizing Process
Division of work :
The first process of Organizing includes identification and division of work which shall be done in accordance with the plans that are determined previously.
Departmentation :
once the work of identifying and dividing the work has been done those are similar are to be grouped.
Linking departments :
When the process of departments has to be done so departmentation was completed, linking of that those departments operate in a co manner which gives a shape to overall organization structure.
Assigning Duties:
On completion of departmentationordinated process assigning duties i.e. defining authority and responsibility to the employees on the basis of their skills and capabilities has to be done, which in consequence magnifies efficiency with regard to their work.
Defining hierarchal structure :
Each employee should also know from whom he has to take orders and to whom he is accountable/responsible.
DIRECTING
Directing is nothing but guiding and leading the people in an organization. It is not just giving instructions by a superior to the sub ordinates but also is a process of supervising, guiding and motivating the latter to achieve the organizational goals.
Definition
"Activating deals with the steps a manager takes to get sub ordinates and others to carry out plans"Newman and Warren.
Importance of Directing
Direction initiates actions to get the desired results in an organisation .
Direction attempts to get maximum out of employees by identifying their capabilities.
Direction is essential to keep the elements like Supervision, Motivation, Leadership and Communication effective.
It ensures that every employee work for Coping up with the changes in the organisational Organisation goals. is possible through effective direction.
Stability and balance can be achieved through directing.
STAFFING
In the simplest terms, staffing in management is ‘putting people to jobs’. Definition "Staffing is the function by which managers build an organisation through the recruitment, selection, and development of individuals as capable employees"McFarland Importance of Staffing
Filling the
Organisational positions Developing competencies to challenges
Retaining personnel
Optimum utilisationprofessionalism of the human resources
Staffing Process
Analyzing Manpower requirements:
It is making an analysis of work and estimating the manpower requirement to accomplish the same.
Recruitment:
It is identifying and attracting capable applicants for employment. it ends with the submission of applications by the aspirants.
Selection:
It is choosing the fit candidates from the applications received in the process of recruitment.
Placement:
This may be on probation and on successfully completion of the same the candidate may be offered permanent employment.
Training and Development:
It is concerned with imparting and developing specific skills for a particular purpose.
Performance Appraisal:
Systematic evaluation of personnel by superiors or others familiar with their performance so as to rank employees to ascertain their eligibility for promotions.
CONTROLLING
It is the process that ensures whether the resources are obtained and used efficiently in achieving the organizational objectives
Definition
"Controlling is determining what is being accomplished that is, evaluating performance and, if necessary, applying corrective measures so that performance takes place according to plans".Terry and Franklin.
